湿热地区村镇老年人的热适应行为特征及个性化差异研究

湿热地区村镇老年人的热适应行为研究对于村镇住宅的节能优化具有重要意义。本文选取广州市花都区炭步镇茶塘村的7户民居作为研究对象，通过实地测试民居的温湿度情况和调查老年人对热环境的主观评价的调研方法，研究了老年人在测试期间的热适应行为特征，并对老年人的热适应行为个性化差异进行讨论。结果表明，夏季期间，村镇老年人主要通过使用窗户、窗帘、电风扇，以及改变活动空间等热适应行为进行个性化热调节。其中，开/关窗、窗帘和电风扇使用频率的分析结果显示出这些热适应行为与性别无关，但存在显著的年龄差异。开/关电风扇的调节行为对住宅室内空气温度无显著影响，但与室内相对湿度负相关。村镇老年人外出率与室内空气温度正相关，而与相对湿度负相关。村镇老年人主观热感觉对其开窗、开电风扇等热适应行为无主要影响，但对其外出率的影响较大。

Thermal Adaptation Behavior Characteristics and Individual Differences of the Elderly in Hot-humid Rural Areas of China

Research on the thermal adaptation behavior of the elderly in hot-humid rural areas of China is significant to the energy-saving optimization of village and town houses. This paper selects 7 residential houses in Chatang Village, Tanbu Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou City as the research object. Through the actual measurement of different environmental physical parameters and the subjective questionnaire survey method, the characteristics of thermal adaptation behavior of the elderly during the research are studied. The differences in the thermal adaptation behavior and personality of the elderly will be discussed. The results show that in summer, the elderly in hot-humid rural areas mainly use windows, curtains, electric fans, and change the activity space and other thermal adaptation behaviors for personalized thermal regulation. Among them, the analysis results of the frequency of opening/closing windows, curtains, and electric fans show that the thermal adaptation behaviors have nothing to do with gender, but there are significant age differences. The regulation behavior of the on/off electric fan has no significant effect on the indoor air temperature of the house, but it has a negative correlation with the indoor relative humidity. The rate of going out of the elderly in villages and towns is positively correlated with indoor air temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity. The subjective thermal perception of the elderly in hot-humid rural areas has no major influence on their thermal adaptation behaviors such as opening windows and turning on electric fans, but has a greater influence on their outing rate.