基于SMA的大型风力机叶片振动被动控制研究

将SMA粘贴在大型风力机叶片的表面形成新的智能叶片结构,并探讨伪弹性SMA对叶片的振动抑制效果。采用SolidWorks与Excel软件相结合的方法建立风力机叶片三维壳体模型,基于ANSYS ACP模块对含SMA的复合材料叶片进行铺层设计,并验证该模型;考虑叶片的弯扭耦合效应及重力影响,基于有限元理论建立含SMA的运动学方程,采用模态叠加法求解其静态响应、谐响应及随机振动。分析结果表明：由于SMA的存在,不同静态载荷作用下,SMA的应力-应变之间均形成封闭的滞后环;将叶片的固有频率移向更高的频率,各阶模态对应的振幅明显降低。在振动能量带宽0.5~2.4 Hz的范围内,含有SMA层强化的风力机叶片振动能量响应值降低更为显著。

PASSIVE VIBRATION CONTROL OF LARGE WIND TURBINE BLADES BASED ON SMA

SMA layers were pasted on the surface of a large wind turbine blade to form a new intelligent blade structure, the vibration suppression effect ofpseudoelastic SMA on the blade was explored. The three-dimensional shell model of the wind turbine blade was established by the method of combining SolidWorks and Excel software. Based on the ANSYS ACP module, the composite material blade containing SMA was laid and the model was verified. The static response, harmonic response, and random vibration were analyzed.The results show that due to the existence of SMA, under different lateral loads, a closed hysteresis loop is formed between the stress-strain of the SMA; the natural frequency of the blade is moved to a higher frequency, and the amplitude corresponding to each mode is significantly reduced. . When the excitation force frequency is close to the natural frequency of the blade, the response peak appears, and the response is smaller in other frequency ranges. Among them, the maximum amplitude of 3.25 m occurs at a frequency of 0.16 Hz, and the amplitude is reduced by 11.87%. Within the bandwidth of the vibration energy, as the frequency increases, the energy of the vibration gradually decreases. The energy of vibration is mainly concentrated in the range of 0.5 Hz to 2.4 Hz. At the same frequency, the response value of the vibration energy of the wind turbine blade reinforced by the SMA layer is smaller. The cloud diagram of blade displacement distribution further verifies the damping effect of SMA on wind turbine blades.