食品安全突发事件应急机制的比较研究

“十三五”期间我国食品安全领域要强化科技创新支持,提升食品安全突发事件应对能力,围绕应急管理等领域提高食品安全监管效能。而科学、完备、全链条联动的食品安全突发事件应急机制,是提升应急监管能力、构建高效应急体系的基础。本文研究了美国、欧盟与我国的食品安全应急机制特点,具体分析了美国召回机制、严惩机制、食品管理体系的研究应用,欧盟预警机制、应急预案机制、风险评估的研究应用的突出特点；对比了美国、欧盟和我国食品安全应急监管机构的设置和运行机制特点；从发展历史、应急法制、应急预案编制、监测与预警体系等方面分析了我国食品安全应急体系的现状。研究得出现阶段对我国食品安全应急机制建设的几点建议：进一步提高风险评估能力,注重应急预案的细化和整合,构建应急机制的智慧联动,建立突发事件长效评价机制。

Comparative study on response mechanisms to food safety emergencies

During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the emphases of food safety supervision is to strengthen the scientific and technological innovation, enhance the response ability to food safety emergencies, and improve the supervision ef-ficiency of emergencies and other management fields. Scientific, complete and chain-linked response mechanisms for food safety emergencies are the basis for improving the emergency supervision capacity and building an efficient emergency response system. This paper focuses on the characteristics of food safety emergency mechanism in the United States, the European Union and China. We studies on the recall mechanism, severe punishment mechanism and the research and application of food management systems in the United States, and analyzes the outstanding char-acteristics of EU early warning mechanism, emergency plan mechanism and risk assessment. Then we compare the setting and operation mechanism of food safety emergency supervision agencies in the United States, the European Union and China. Meanwhile, the research analyzes the current situation of food safety emergency system in China from the aspects of development history, legal system, emergency plan preparation, monitoring and early warning system. Finally, suggestions on the construction of food safety emergency mechanism in China have been given: to further improve the ability of risk assessment, to refine and integrate emergency plans, to construct the intelligent linkage of emergency mechanism, and to establish a long-term evaluation mechanism for emergencies.