2016—2020年上海地区乳源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性及最低抑菌浓度变迁情况分析

分析上海地区乳源金黄色葡萄球菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药性及其MIC变迁情况，加强致病菌耐药性检测。方法 采用微量肉汤稀释法对2016-2020年间采集的349株金黄色葡萄球菌进行10种常见抗菌药物敏感性测试，通过分析药敏数据了解5年间上海地区乳源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性变迁的情况。结果 349株金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素（74.2%）耐药率较高，对其余9种抗菌药物的耐药率较低，均在20%以下。五年间，上海地区乳源金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、苯唑西林及阿莫西林/克拉维酸的抑制50%微生物生长的抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC）MIC50值及抑制90%微生物生长的抑菌浓度MIC90值均呈下降趋势；对头孢西丁、头孢噻呋、恩诺沙星、氧氟沙星及庆大霉素的MIC50值五年来无明显变化，MIC90值呈下降趋势；对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的MIC50值和MIC90值五年来无明显变化，均处于较低水平。结论 金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药情况近年来有好转趋势，但仍需继续加强乳源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性监测，为科学合理使用抗菌药物提供技术支撑。

Analysis the drug resistance and changes of MIC of Staphylococcus aureus from milk in Shanghai in 2016-2020

Objective To analyze the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus milk-derived to common antibacterial drugs and the changes of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in Shanghai from 2016 to 2020. Methods The sensitivity of 349 strains of Staphylococcus aureus collected from 2016 to 2020 was tested for 10 kinds of common antimicrobial agents by broth dilution method. The changes of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from milk in Shanghai during 5 years were understanded by analyzing the drug susceptibility data. Results The resistance rate of 349 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was high, which was 74.2%, and the resistance rates to the other 9 antibacterial drugs were low, all of which was below 20%. In the past 5 years, the value of the minimal inhibitory concentration that inhibits 50% (MIC50) of the growth of microorganisms and the value of the minimal inhibitory concentration that inhibits the growth of 90% (MIC90) of microorganisms of milk-source Staphylococcus aureus in Shanghai against penicillin, oxacillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid showed a downward trend. The MIC50 values of cefoxitin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin showed no significant change in the past 5 years, while the MIC90 values showed a downward trend. The MIC50 and MIC90 of vancomycin and linezolid did not change significantly over the past 5 years, and were at a low level. Conclusion In recent years, the drug resistance of milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus has improved in Shanghai, but it is still necessary to continue to strengthen the surveillance of milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus.