新食品原料食叶草的安全性评估

摘要:目的 本研究旨在系统评估食叶草的食用安全性。方法 依据现行《新食品原料安全性审查管理办法》的规定，采用国标或其他相关方法对食叶草开展成分分析（营养成分、可能存在的天然有毒物质）、卫生学检验（重金属、农药残留）、毒理学试验（包括急性经口毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验（Ames试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验和小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验）、90 d经口毒性试验和致畸试验），结合食用人群、食用历史和不良反应调查结果，综合评估食叶草作为新食品原料，在成人（孕妇、乳母除外）每日推荐摄入量50 g情况下的食用安全性。结果 食叶草富含蛋白质和钾元素（均值分别为3.42 g/100 g和0.489 g/100 g），其所含生物活性物质粗多糖和总黄酮含量分别为348.9 mg/100 g和40.67 mg/100 g。蒽醌含量为1.29 mg/100 g，按成人体重60 kg、每日食叶草推荐摄入量50.0 g计算，经食叶草摄入的蒽醌量为0.011 mg/kg BW，远小于其未观察到有害作用剂量（31.3 mg/kg BW）；而草酸含量与菠菜等蔬菜相比含量较低（0.32 g/100 g）。植物中重金属和农药残留均符合我国食品安全国家标准的规定。食叶草（粉）急性经口毒性试验表明，该物质属实际无毒级；三项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性；90 d经口毒性试验未观察到有害作用剂量为8.0 g/kg BW，致畸实验结果显示试验剂量下食叶草（粉）对SD大鼠无致畸作用。对食用食叶草及其制品的人群调查结果中未见不良反应的报告。结论 评估认为，食叶草作为新食品原料，按照我国成年人（除孕妇、乳母外）每日摄入不超过50.0 g，对人体健康造成的潜在风险较低

Safety evaluation of edible dock as a new food raw material

Objective To evaluate the food safety of edible dock systematically. Methods According to the current regulations of Administrative measures for safety review of new food materials, a series of study on the edible dock were performed, such as composition analysis (including nutritional composition and possible natural toxic substances), hygienic tests (heavy metals, pesticide residues), and toxicological tests including acute oral toxicity test, three genetic toxicity tests (Ames test, mammalian red blood cell micronucleus test and mouse spermatocyte chromosome aberration test), 90 d oral toxicity test and teratogenicity test]. Combined with the population, history of consumption and the survey results of adverse reactions, the safety of leaf-eating grass as a new food raw material was comprehensively evaluated under the condition of the recommended daily intake of 50 g for adults (except pregnant women and lactating mothers). Results The edible dock was rich in protein (3.42 g/100 g) and potassium (0.489 g/100 g), and the content of crude polysaccharides and total flavonoids contained in biologically active substances was 348.9 mg/100 g and 40.67 mg/100 g, respectively. The content of anthraquinone was 1.29 mg/100 g. Assuming that the adult''s body weight was 60 kg and the recommended daily intake of edible dock was 50.0 g, the amount of anthraquinone ingested by eating edible dock was 0.011 mg/kg BW, which was far less than the no observed adverse effect level of it (31.3 mg/kg BW). The content of oxalic acid (0.32 g/100 g) was lower than that of spinach and other vegetables. The detection values of pesticides and heavy metals conformed to the provisions of China national food safety standards. The results of acute oral toxicity tests indicated that the edible dock power was actually non-toxic. The results of three genotoxicity tests were negative. The 90 d oral toxicity tests showed that the no observed adverse effect level of edible dock power was 8.0 g/kg BW, and the results of teratogenicity test showed that there was no teratogenicity on SD rats at the experimental dose. No adverse reactions were reported in the population survey of edible dock and its products. Conclusion According to the daily intake of Chinese adults (except pregnant women and lactating mothers) is not more than 50.0 g, as a new food raw material, the edible dock poses a low potential risk to the health of adults.