Physical development planning and urban design in earthquake-prone areas

This paper argues that the application of physical development planning measures at national, regional and local level would reduce the risks to life and property of a potential earthquake in earthquake-prone countries and lessons are drawn from case studies. Basic definitions of hazard, vulnerability, sensitivity and risk are given. A check list of optimum physical planning measures, the goals to be achieved and level at which planning is envisaged is included in the paper. Measures to control vulnerability, in particular the use of low density development, and surrounding open space in densely populated urban areas are suggested.