隔振器动力学参数的测试方法研究

阻尼系数和刚度系数是隔振设计中分析隔振器性能的重要参数,其测试技术是确定相应数值的有效途径。针对大阻尼粘性流体微振动隔振器,提出一种测试多参数模型阻尼系数和刚度系数的简化测试方法。应用机械阻抗等效将多参数模型简化为便于测试的两参数模型,通过自行设计相应的试验测试平台,对等效参数及隔振器各组件刚度系数进行测试。将数据处理所得振动模型数据输入到Simulink仿真模型中,得到隔振器整体等效阻尼系数和等效刚度系数,并与试验直接采用迟滞环法得到的对应参数进行比较,二者相对误差均在5%以内,有效地证明了本方法的可行性与可用性。本方法突出的优点为它还可以得到阻尼系数和刚度系数随频率的变化规律,对于隔振设计具有重要的参考价值。

A test method of dynamic parameters of vibration isolators

Damping coefficient and stiffness coefficient are very important parameters of analysis of vibration isolation performance during the design of isolators, and an effective way to determine their corresponding numerical values is testing technique. This paper presents a simplified test method to measure the damping coefficients and stiffness coefficients of a multi-parameter model of viscous fluid micro-vibration isolators with large damping. Based on the equality of mechanical impedance, a two-parameter model which is convenient to test could be obtained from the multi-parameter model, then the measurements of equivalent coefficients and stiffness coefficient of each component were conducted with a self-designed test setup. Besides, the calculated numerical values of vibration model were entered into Simulink simulation model, then the equivalent damping coefficients and equivalent stiffness coefficients were compared respectively with that directly received from hysteretic loop of test. The results whose discrepancy is within 5% show great consistence between simulation and measurement, and prove the feasibility and availability of the method proposed. The most significant advantage of all, the variations of damping coefficients and stiffness coefficients with frequency are also obtained, which are difficult for traditional methods and would be valuable for the design of vibration isolation. The method presented could also be applied to general isolators to measure their damping coefficients and stiffness coefficients.