组合式住宅的技术创新与发展

全球范围内,人们对经济适用房屋一直有极大需求,但沿用传统建造方式,则无法满足人们对其质量,数量、进度、性能和价格上的要求。根据英国、欧洲,美国和日本等西方发达国这的经验,组合式房屋是解决此问题的最好方法之一。

Innovation and Development in Modular Industrialised Housing

The total requirement for affordable new housing in the world is extremely large, and in many countries presents major challenges to local building industries which-if they continue to use traditional building methods-will be unable to supply what is needed in terms of quantity, quality, performance or cost. In Europe, since the end of the Second World War, there have been numerous attempts to mass produce housing-mainly in order to build faster, overcome skills shortages and cut costs. The majority of those methods were based on the use of concrete and, for a variety of reasons, in the UK many of them performed badly [almost half the concrete tower blocks built in Britain the 1960s and 70s have already been demolished or are scheduled for demolition]. In the mid 1970's the Greater London Council [GLC]-already disenchanted by their experience of precast concrete building methods-experimented with volumetric/modular steel housing, and built a demonstration block of modular flats in the Borough of Hackney. The results were highly encouraging, but the programme was terminated when the GLC was closed down. However, that modular housing work attracted the attention of several large hotel chains that then used modular building techniques to construct several hundred budget price hotels in the UK. Today attitudes towards modular building methods have changed considerably, particularly among major developers. Most new hotels now incorporate pod bathrooms and large numbers of university students are being accommodated in new modular halls of residence. New material combinations and module production techniques have further increased the many advantages offered by modular construction, particularly in terms of higher acoustic performance and lower cost. The success of recent high profile modular housing projects in the UK and other EC countries bodes well for modular housing in Europe, and the PATH advanced housing technology initiative in the USA suggests modular is also poised to take off there in a big way. Modular housing could soon become a major international industry.