南方山地丘陵区规模畜禽养殖对水环境影响及评价

选择南方山地丘陵区典型规模畜禽养殖集中地为研究区域,通过对该研究区域周边地表水及地下水的调查采样,分析主要污染物时空变异及污染物形态之间的变化,并对周边水环境进行初步评价。结果表明:规模化畜禽养殖区域的浅层地下水和地表水已经受到严重污染;养殖场的环保处理设施与养殖规模不配套造成大量污染物进入地表水环境;生物氧化塘的护堤和塘底未经防渗处理,造成下游地下水污染;养殖场排放的污水经厌氧和好氧生物处理后富含有机质、氨氮、可溶态有机磷,利于作物吸收和生长,应尽量循环使用。指出由于养殖污水变化较大,为避免二次环境污染,必须处理达标后结合配方施肥技术按需回用农田。

Assessment of impact of intensive livestock cultivation on water environment in mountain and hilly areas of South China

By selecting a typical site of intensive livestock cultivation in a mountain area of South China as the study area,and investigating and sampling surface and groundwater in the study area,the spatial and temporal variations of the main pollutants and changes among pollutant forms were analyzed.The environmental effects of intensive livestock cultivation on surrounding water environments were evaluated.The results indicated that the shallow groundwater and surface water were heavily contaminated in the intensive livestock cultivation area.Large amounts of the pollutants entered the surface water,due to the fact that the wastewater treatment facility did not match the scale of livestock cultivation.The lack of liner treatment of the bank and liner of the lagoon resulted in groundwater pollution.The effluent wastewater from the culturing farm after anaerobic and aerobic biologic treatment was full of organic matter,ammonia nitrogen,and dissolved organic phosphorus,which aided the growth of plants and should be recycled.Because of the significant change of the wastewater component,and in order to avoid secondary pollution,the wastewater should be recycled to land combined with precision fertilizer formula technology after treatment to bring it to the standard.