工业装置渣油加氢脱金属催化剂结块成因的探讨

采用元素分析、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和电子微探针分析等方法对工业装置上结块的HDM催化剂和催化剂颗粒上结垢层的形貌、组成、物相等进行了考察，探讨催化剂结块的成因。结果表明，渣油中的含钙化合物易在催化剂外表面发生加氢脱钙反应，生成的CaS以结晶的形式沉积在催化剂颗粒外表面上。CaS和其它金属硫化物与焦炭等积垢在催化剂颗粒外表面形成的“外壳”会脱落并填充在催化剂颗粒之间的空隙内。脱落的“外壳”进一步与焦炭或金属硫化物作用使催化剂颗粒互相粘连而结块。

DISCUSSION ON AGGLOMERATION OF COMMERCIAL RESIDUE HDM CATALYST

The texture, composition, and phase of the agglomerate on the hydrodemetallization (HDM) catalyst were studied by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and electron microprobe analysis(EMPA), and the cause of agglomeration was discussed. The results indicated that the hydrodemetallization reaction of calcium compounds contained in residual oil took place and the calcium produced in the form of CaS crystal was deposited on the catalyst external surface, where CaS and other metal sulfides, combined with coke, formed a shell, which would break down from catalyst, during use, into the void space of the catalyst bed, thus sticking together with catalyst particles and forming clinkers.