国内钻井液及处理剂发展评述

国内开展钻井液研究与应用经历了起步、发展、完善和提高四个阶段。正是由于处理剂的发展,钻井液技术有了长足进步,钻井液由分散到不分散,到低固相、低或/和无黏土相钻井液发展过程中不断完善配套。不分散低固相聚合物钻井液、"三磺"钻井液、饱和盐水钻井液、聚磺钻井液、聚磺钾盐钻井液、两性离子聚合物钻井液、阳离子聚合物钻井液、正电胶钻井液、硅酸盐钻井液、氯化钙钻井液、有机盐钻井液、甲基葡萄糖苷钻井液、聚合醇钻井液、胺基抑制钻井液、超高温钻井液、超高密度钻井液等一系列钻井液体系,解决了不同时期、不同阶段、不同地区和不同复杂地质条件下的安全快速钻井难题。围绕井壁稳定、防漏堵漏机理和方法的研究成果的应用,有效减少了井下复杂的发生,保证了钻井质量。今后需要针对复杂地质条件下深井、超深井、大位移井钻井,以及页岩气水平井钻井的需要,从抗温、井壁稳定、润滑、防卡等方面,研究关键处理剂,实现处理剂系列化;减少关键处理剂在生产、流通及其他环节的浪费,提高产品质量;减少钻井液处理剂品种;在保证钻井液性能满足需要的前提下,尽可能降低钻井液处理剂用量;科学的选择和使用钻井液,重视油基钻井液的应用及技术水平的提高;并围绕绿色环保、抗高温抗盐的目标,开发高性能钻井液处理剂,建立钻井液及其处理剂的毒性检测评价手段,促进钻井液技术进步。

The Development Overview on the Domestic Drilling Fluids and Drilling Fluid Additives

Domestic research and application of drilling fluid has four stages of starting,developing, improving and enhancing.Because of the development of the additives, dispersion drilling drilling fluid technology has made great progress t fluid to non-dispersible one and low solids,low and/or no clay one with continuously improved supporting.A series of drilling fluid system solves the safe and fast drilling difficulties under differ- ent complex geological conditions in different regions in different periods and at different stages.The system includes the low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluid, ＂three sulfur＂ drilling fluids, saturated brine drilling fluid,polysulfonate drilling fluids ,polysulfonate potassium drilling fluid,zwitterionic polymer drilling flu- id,cationic polymer drilling fluid,MMH ganic salt drilling fluid,methyl glucoside drilling fluid,silicate drilling fluid,calcium chloride drilling fluid,or- drilling fluid,polyol drilling fluid,amine inhibition drilling fluid,ul- tra-high temperature drilling fluids and ultra-high density drilling fluid.The application of research findings around the wellbore stability,leakage plugging mechanism and method effectively reduces the occurrence of borehole complexity and ensures the quality of drilling.Key additives should be researched on resistance to temperature,wellbore stability,lubricity,sticking prevention and so on and additives series should be achieved in order to meet the demands of drilling in deep and ultra deep and large displacement wells ,and shale gas horizontal drilling under complex geological conditions.The waste of the key additives in the production ,distri- bution and other aspects should be reduced to improve product quality.The kinds of the drilling fluid addi- tives should be less.The amount of the drilling fluid additives should be minimized with the premise of en- suring the drilling fluid properties meet the demands.The drilling fluids should be selected scientifically and applied rationally.Oil-based drilling fluid applications and technical level improvement should be emphasized. High-performance drilling fluid additives may be developed on the goal of green environmental protection and anti-high-temperature and anti-sah properties.Toxicity testing and evaluation tools for the drilling fluid and additives should be established to promote the technical progress of the drilling fluid.