超声波-酶法协同制备梅花鹿鹿血肽及其体内抗疲劳活性的研究

目的 以鹿血为原料，采用超声波辅助生物酶法协同制取鹿血肽，研究酶解条件对鹿血肽得率的影响。方法 通过单因素和正交试验优化混合蛋白酶不同酶解时间、酶解温度、加酶量、pH。以小鼠游泳时间为指标，研究鹿血多肽的抗疲劳活性。结果 鹿血酶解的温度为50℃、酶解时间为4 h、加酶量5.5%、pH值7.5为较优酶解条件，此时水解度为29.10%。小鼠抗疲劳试验显示：鹿血多肽高、中、低剂量组小鼠游泳游泳力竭时间延长率分别为13.51%、91.89%、159.46%，与对照组相比，鹿血多肽高、中剂量组游泳力竭时间均显著延长(P<0.05); 鹿血多肽高剂量组小鼠游泳力竭后，解剖检测发现肝脏中肝糖原含量以及血液中的尿素氮浓度、乳酸含量均显著提升(P<0.05)，明显提高运动后小鼠机体代谢活动，增强其抗疲劳能力。结论 本研究为进一步研究梅花鹿鹿血肽的抗疲劳机制和开发鹿血肽酒等相关产品奠定了基础。

Preparation of deer blood peptide from sika deer by ultrasonic-enzymatic method and research on the antifatigue activity in vivo

Objective Using deer blood as raw material, the sika deer blood peptide was synthesized by ultrasonic and mixted enzymatic method. Methods The effect of different enzyme reaction conditions on the yield of deer blood peptide was studied. The enzymatic hydrolysis time, temperature, dosage, and pH value of mixed enzymes were optimized by single factor tests and orthogonal experiments. The antifatigue activity of deer blood peptides were researched by using mouse swimming time as an indicator. Results The results showed that the optimal process conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of deer blood were as follows: the blood hydrolyzing at 50℃ and pH 7.5 for 4 hours with 5.5% mixed enzymes. The DH（degree of dehydration） was 29.10%. In the swimming experiment of mice, the elongation rates with the high, medium, and low dose of deer blood peptide were 13.51%, 91.89%, and 159.46%, respectively. Compared with the control group, the high and medium dose groups were significantly prolonged swimming time (P<0.05). After exercise fatigue, the mice were treated with high-dose deer blood peptide, and it was found that the liver glycogen content, the nitrogen concentration in the blood and urea and the lactate content were significantly increased (P<0.05). The experiment showed the improved activity of metabolism and antifatigue after exercise. Conclusion This study showed the foundation for further research on the antifatigue mechanism of sika deer blood peptide and the development of related products such as deer blood peptide wine.