微囊藻毒素的检测和脱除方法综述

近年来，由于富营养化，全球有害蓝藻水华的发生率持续上升，形成水华的蓝藻会释放出多种毒素，微囊藻毒素是有害蓝藻产生的常见毒素，具有肝毒性、肾毒性、神经毒性、生殖毒性等多种毒性，严重威胁人类和生态系统健康。微囊藻毒素在水中非常稳定，难以通过传统水处理工艺去除。因此，寻求经济有效的微囊藻毒素检测和脱除方法至关重要。本文综述了定量检测和去除微囊藻毒素的方法，包括物理法、化学法和生物法，并分析总结了这三类方法用于检测和脱除微囊藻毒素的优势与局限性，总结了不同方法脱除微囊藻毒素的机理，重点介绍了绿色高效的光催化降解微囊藻毒素的脱除方法，最后，基于当前的研究结果，对未来微囊藻毒素脱除研究方向进行了展望，为解决环境中微囊藻毒素的污染问题提供思路。

Review for the detection and removal methods of microcystin

In recent years, due to eutrophication, cyanobacteria bloom has become a serious environmental problem worldwide. Microcystin is a common toxin produced by cyanobacteria. It has hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity, which significantly threatens human and ecosystem health. Microcystin is very stable in water and difficult to remove through traditional water treatment processes. Therefore, it is important to find an economical and effective method for microcystin detection and removal. In this paper, the detection and removal methods of microcystins are reviewed, including physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. The advantages, limitations, and the possible mechanism of these methods were summarized. Finally, the future research direction of microcystins removal was prospected to provide ideas for solving the problem of microcystins pollution in the environment.