Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake |
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| Authors: | W L Wang T T Wang J J Su C H Lin C R Seng T H Huang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. United Geotech Inc., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC;1. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;2. Beijing City Traffic Collaborative Innovation Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;3. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, SiChuan, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Dongsan Rd. 1, Chenghua District, Chengdu City, China;1. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Research Unit of Soil Dynamics and Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 424, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;2. University of Catania, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sicily, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Underground Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, PR China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering of Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;3. Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Company Limited, Shanghai 200092, China;4. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;5. High-End Foreign Expert, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China;6. Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;7. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;8. State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China |
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| Abstract: | Tunnels, being underground structures, have long been assumed to have the ability to sustain earthquakes with little damage. However, investigations of mountain tunnels after the Chi-Chi Earthquake in central Taiwan revealed that many tunnels suffered significant damage to various extents. This work describes the findings of a systematic assessment of damage in the mountain tunnels in Taiwan after the earthquake. It was found that among the 57 tunnels investigated 49 of them were damaged. The damage patterns are summarized based on the characteristics and the distribution of the lining cracks. This systematic investigation, involving geological conditions, design documents, construction and maintenance records of these tunnels, has been conducted to assess the potential factors that may have influence on the various damage patterns and the earthquake loading for tunnels. The results show that the degree of damage is associated with the geological condition and structural arrangement of the tunnel. A tunnel passing through a displaced fault zone will definitely suffer damage. The extent of geological weak zones, distance from the epicenter, and the existence of a slope face are also significant influencing factors. The seismic capacity of the tunnel is influenced by its structural arrangement, type of lining, invert setup, lining reinforcement, and other parameters. |
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| Keywords: | Tunnel damage Earthquake Lining cracks |
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