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Medieval glazed ceramic from Caesar's Forum (Rome,Italy): Production technology
Authors:Caterina De Vito  Laura Medeghini  Sonia Garruto  Fulvio Coletti  Ilaria De Luca  Silvano Mignardi
Affiliation:1. Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. Soprintendenza Speciale per il Colosseo, il Museo Nazionale Romano e l’Area Archeologica di Roma, P.zza dei Cinquecento 67, 00185 Rome, Italy
Abstract:This study is focused on Medieval Roman heavy lead-glazed ceramics from the archaeological site of the Caesar's Forum (Rome, Italy), dated from the 10th and not beyond the first decades of the 11th century. Optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been used for the archaeometric characterization of the ceramics. Petrographic analysis of the body indicated the occurrence of three petro-fabrics, mainly composed by abundant quartz, feldspars, nodules of iron oxides, rare fragments of siliceous rocks, very rare fragments of calcareous rocks, pyroxene, biotite and olivine. This mineralogical assemblage suggests that the ceramics were fired in the range 950–1050 °C, under oxidizing conditions. SEM and EMP analysis show that the ceramic body was produced with non-or moderately calcareous clays and the heavy glaze with lead oxide, silica, alumina and alkalis. The microstructure of the glaze and the relationship with the body suggest that for the production of the ceramic repertoire of the Caesar's Forum either the single or the double firing techniques were used.
Keywords:Caesar's Forum  Medieval Roman heavy lead-glazed ceramics  OM-XRPD-SEM-EMPA  Technological background
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