从城乡资源配置看农村土地制度改革

我国城乡资源配置中仍然表现出明显的城乡资源流动不平衡的特征,而现存的土地制度又是城乡资源流动不平衡的重大体制原因,深化农村土地产权制度和国家对农村土地的征用制度改革是我国突破城乡资源不平衡流动格局的着力点。农村土地改革既不能私有化,也不能国有化,应在土地集体所有体制框架内进行,寻求有效的土地集体所有组织形式,赋予农民完全自由的土地使用权的处分权。用征购土地的制度替代国家征用集体土地的制度,形成市场对土地资源的配置机制,通过土地增殖收益的合理分配,建立农村以土地换取社会保障的机制,从而促进资源在城乡之间和工农之间的等价交换和合理流动。

Study on the Reform of Rural Land System from the Aspect of Resources Allocation of Rural and Urban Area

The imbalance of the flow of rural and urban resources is still an apparent character in the process of our resources allocation, and the current land system is the significant cause of its imbalance. The approach of breaking through this situation is to lay emphasis on the system reform of rural land property right and of expropriation of rural land. Rural land can neither be turned into private-owned land, nor become state-owned land, however, it should be in the possessions of collectivity. Furthermore, it is urgent to seek the efficient organizational form of collectivity and to give peasants a totally free disposal right of land use, using the approach of requisition by purchase instead of requisition by state power thus establishing the mechanism of resources allocation through market. Ultimately, we also can distribute income in a reasonable way and establish the mechanism of exchanging rural land for urban social security, which will be helpful in promoting equivalent exchange and reasonable flow of our resources not only between rural area and urban area, but also between industry and agriculture.