磁性纳米材料在分离及催化中的应用

介绍了磁性纳米材料的特点、制备方法及主要用途,综述了国内外近年来磁性纳米材料在分离及催化应用中的研究进展。磁性纳米材料在分离中的应用主要有吸附脱硫、水中有机物的检测、金属离子的分离、生物分子的富集分离、有机磷杀虫剂的去除和富集以及化妆品中对羟基苯甲酸酯的富集;在催化中的应用则主要集中在固体酸催化、固体碱催化、Heck 催化、光催化、催化氧化等领域。磁性纳米材料既具有均相催化剂的高活性,又避免了非均相催化过程中的扩散限制,同时赋予了催化剂独特的磁分离特性,简化了操作流程,降低了操作成本。然而该领域的放大实验还不十分成熟,特别是磁性纳米材料的应用还需进一步研究。

Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles to-Separation and Catalysis

The features and preparation methods of magnetic nanoparticles were introduced,and their extensive applications to separation and catalysis were reviewed.The magnetic nanoparticles were used in adsorptive desulfuration,detection of organics in water,separations of metal ions and biomacromolecules,removal and enrichment of organophosphorous pesticides,and enrichment of p-hydroxy-benzoates.The nanoparticles were also used as high-efficiency catalysts for many reactions, mainly including solid-acid catalytic r...