对黄河连续5年不断流及防断流工作的评价

2000~2004年,在黄河来水持续偏枯的情况下,黄河水利委员会确保了黄河连续5年不断流。这是新时期治黄工作的重大成果,是由传统治黄走向现代治黄的又一座里程碑,具有重要的生态、经济、社会和政治意义。黄河的防断流实践是成功的制度变迁:通过实施水量统一调度强化了区域用水的总量控制,改变了沿黄各省区用水的激励结构,推动了流域水权分配秩序的建立。制度建设是黄河防断流成功的关键,黄河防断流的成功经验也为我国大江大河的水权制度建设提供了重要借鉴,代表了中国水管理改革的方向。但是,黄河目前的不断流依然是脆弱的,防断流工作仍然任重道远。黄河要赢得可靠的不断流,流域分水制度仍然需要大的变迁。

Evaluation on No Flow Depletion of the Yellow River for Five Years Running and Depletion Prevention

Yellow River Conservancy Commission has ensured that there is no depletion occurred in the Yellow River under the conditions of continuous low coming water from 2000 to 2004. This is a major achievement of the river harnessing in the new period, another milestone from conventional harnessing to modern management and of important ecological, economic, social and political significance. The practice of depletion prevention of the Yellow River is a successful system transition. It has strengthened the total quantity control of regional consumption through integrated water regulation, changed the incentive structure of water use of each province along the river and pushed forward the establishment of allocation system of water right in the basin. System building is the key for successful depletion prevention. The successful experiences of depletion prevention also has provided important lessons for water right system building of major rivers in China, which represents the orientation of China water reform. At present, the burden of no depletion happened in the river is heavy. It still needs further major changes of allocation system of the basin.