地面层自适应光学系统多颗激光导引星位置优化研究

对地面层自适应光学系统而言,多采用呈正多边形排列的多颗激光导引星星座作为参考来测量大气湍流对系统的影响。针对多颗激光导引星应当如何排布的问题,本文采用简化的地面层自适应光学几何模型作为系统性能评价函数,通过遗传算法优化获得不同湍流廓线下导引星的最优分布。同时,采用多进程、Numba库和多线程提高海量大气湍流廓线下对整个系统性能的估计速度。利用上述方法,以一个视场为14'的地面层自适应光学系统为例,用实测的大气湍流廓线数据分析了不同天文观测台址下湍流廓线与最优位置分布的关系。研究结果表明,同一台址下不同数目导引星的最优位置分布差异不大,其统计最优位置均呈中心一颗或角半径接近视场边缘的正多边形分布;不同台址下的导引星最优位置分布差异明显;大气湍流廓线测量的空间分辨率直接影响系统性能评价结果：其测量结果中的等效层数越多,导引星位置分布越接近规则的多边形。

Optimizing the location of multiple laser guide stars in ground layer adaptive optical systems

At present, the ground layer adaptive optical systems are using multiple laser guide stars arranged in regular polygons as reference targets to measure the effects of atmospheric turbulence. Obtaining the optimal position of laser guide stars becomes an interesting problem to analyze. This paper proposes a method to obtain the optimal position of laser guide stars by using a genetic algorithm as the optimization algorithm and a simplified geometry model of the ground layer adaptive optic system as the evaluation function. Furthermore, multi-process, Numba library, and multi-thread techniques methods are used to accelerate calculation speed. Based on these methods, real atmospheric turbulence profiles are used to analyze the relationship between the optimal position of laser guide stars with different numbers and the different atmospheric turbulence profiles from the same site, through an example of a ground layer adaptive optics system with 14 arcmin field of view. The results show that the optimal position of laser guide stars in the same site is almost the same and their statistically optimal positions are all regular polygon. Besides, we also find that the spatial resolution of turbulence profiles has strong effects to positions of laser guide stars, showing that the more equivalent layers in the measurement results, the closer the position distribution of laser guide stars is to the regular polygon.