基于建筑空间布置规则性的结构优化分析

结构体系中的大空间或者核心筒的布置不规则，会给建筑抗震设计带来诸多困扰。提出优化设计的方法用于对结构刚度进行调整，以降低建筑空间布置不规则的影响。优化方法是基于进化结构优化法，建立新的灵敏度定义，以修正建筑空间布置规则性为设计目标，优化结构体系中抗侧体系的刚度分布。从建立结构模型开始，直接从建筑设计模型中，提取必要的设计参数，导入优化设计程序中进行建模，提高了建模的效率和准确度。在有限元分析过程中全部采用壳单元，并且在考虑解析准确度的基础上对壳单元进行分割，应用泰森多边形理论对荷载进行计算。在优化计算中，主要从结构整体等效应力分布的均匀性，重心与刚心的相对位置关系以及结构的两向抗侧刚度比三个方面对结构体系的应力、水平以及竖向构件刚度分布进行优化设计，调整建筑空间布局以满足布置的规则性，对进一步深化设计提供可参考的分析结果。

Application of evolutionary structural optimization based on architectural space layout rules

In order to satisfy the requirements of the architectural design, irregular arrangement of large space or core structure tends to bring troubles to the seismic design of structures. The purpose of this paper was to apply the optimization design method to adjust the stiffness of structures layout and reduce the influence of irregular arrangement of architectural space in the initial stage of structural design. The optimization method was based on evolutionary structural optimization (ESO). The new definitions of sensitivities were used to modify the architectural space layout rules for the design goal so as to optimize the structural system of lateral component stiffness distribution. In this paper, starting from the establishment of the structural model, Grasshopper from Rhino model of architectural design was directly used to extract the necessary design parameters for the optimization design programming. The efficiency and accuracy of modeling were improved. In the process of finite element analysis, using the shell element and dividing all the shell elements for analysis accuracy, the theory of Voronoi polygons was used to calculate the loading. In optimization computation, the uniformity of equivalent stress distribution of the whole structural system, the relative relationship between center of gravity and center of rigidity, and lateral stiffness ratio of structural system are the three main aspects considered for the optimization of the stress distribution, horizontal and vertical stiffness distribution of structural system. The layout of architectural space are adjusted to satisfy the layout rules,which provides reference for further detail design.