燃料电池在电动汽车中的应用前景

以石油燃料为动力的汽车,其尾气是空气污染的主要来源,以充电电池为动力的电动汽车是解决汽车尾气污染的途径之一.目前,由于充电电池贮能量比内燃机低而使电动汽车数量仍然很少.燃料电池是未来最有希望替代内燃机的汽车动力,它的运行效率高,能够使用甲醇、乙醇、天然气或氢气等非石油基燃料,还可以显著改善排气质量,减少大气污染.可用于电动汽车的燃料电池类型有磷酸型燃料电池、离子交换膜燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池.本文对上述燃料电池的原理和性能作了详细介绍,对世界各国的研究开发活动作了介绍.

Prospects for fuelcells' electric vehicle application

The major culprit to air pollution is the pstroleum -fueled motor vehicle. One of such solutions is an electric vehicle which draws its power from rechargeable batteries. At present, there are very few electric vehicles, because the battery can store very little energy compared with internal combustion engines. Fuel cells offer promise as the best future replacement for internal combustion engines in transportation applications. Fuel cells operate more efficiently than internal combustion engines, and are capable of running on non-petroleum fuels such as methanol, et.hanol, natural gas or hydrogen. Fuel cells can also have a major impact on improving air quality. Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), Proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEM) and Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system can be used as power sources for electric vehicles. The feature and principle for the above fuel cells system have been described in detail, The R&D activities of fuel cell for electric vehicles in the world have also been mentioned.