面向叠前成像与储层预测的地震采集关键参数综述

野外地震采集是地震工作的源头,地震采集观测系统是获得高品质地震资料的保障,又关乎到勘探成本。随着地震勘探程度不断深入并向开发延伸,对地震资料提出满足叠前成像、储层预测和油气检测等技术应用的需求,使人们对采集方案优化提出了新的目标。阐述了面向叠前成像与储层预测的地震采集设计的技术理念和方法,从地下地质特征、地表吸收衰减、岩石物性分析入手,提取目标区地球物理参数,针对具体地震勘探任务和地质目标,以叠前成像和储层预测的技术需求为指导,优选观测系统面元、覆盖次数、炮道密度、线距等关键参数,优化地震勘探采集设计,为开展叠前成像和储层预测提供更为有效的基础资料。

Key Parameters of Seismic Acquisition for Surface Pre-stack Imaging and Reservoir Prediction

Field seismic acquisition is the source of seismic work. The seismic acquisition observation system holds the key to high-quality seismic data and is related to exploration cost. With seismic exploration continually extending to development, seismic data are required to meet the demand of technological application for pre-stack imaging, reservoir prediction and oil and gas inspection so that the new targets can be set to optimize the acquisition plan. This article elaborates the technological conception and method for seismic acquisition design of surface pre-stack imaging and reservoir prediction. Based on the underground geological characteristics, surface absorption and attenuation as well as analysis of petro-physical properties, the geophysical parameters are acquired from the target zone to focus on the concrete seismic exploration task and geological target. Following the technological demand for pre-stack imaging and reservoir prediction, the key parameters are selected and optimized, such as the surface elements of the observation system, times of coverage, density of shots and traces, and line spacing. The design of seismic exploration and acquisition is also optimized to provide more effective basic data for pre-stack imaging and reservoir prediction.