Relevance of ions in pressurized fluid extraction of carbohydrates and phenolics from barley hull |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Ingeniería, Cr 32 #12-00, Palmira, Colombia;2. Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6121, 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cr 32 # 12-00, Palmira, Colombia;1. Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES-A*Star), Singapore, Singapore;2. Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany;1. School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, n. 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Goddard Hall 123, Worcester, MA 01609, United States;3. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria, n. 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada;2. School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | The removal of total carbohydrates and phenolics from the hull of a new barley variety BT 584 using solid-liquid batch and aqueous pressurized fluid (ethanol or ionic liquid) extractions were evaluated. Using pressurized fluids, temperature was the most significant variable for the extraction of biocompounds from barley hull. The highest phenolics extraction (189.1 ± 3.1 mg/g hull) was obtained using pressurized aqueous ionic liquid while the highest carbohydrates extraction (450.3 ± 7.8 mg/g hull) was obtained using pressurized aqueous ethanol. The predicted solubility of ferulic acid and glucose in water, ionic liquid or carbonic acid, and the acid dissociation constant of the compounds studied allowed proposing an extraction mechanism based on biomass interaction with ionic species formed during pressurized fluid extraction. The anionic species facilitated removal of phenolics while the interaction of cationic/anionic species facilitated removal of carbohydrates from barley hull biomass. |
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| Keywords: | Antioxidant activity Barley biomass Ionic liquid Modeling Optimization Subcritical fluid |
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