Swelling measurement of polymers in high pressure carbon dioxide using a spectroscopic reflectometer |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Education, Department of Chemistry, Zeve Campus, 65080, Van, Turkey;1. Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway;2. Department of Urology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA;3. Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain;4. Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;5. Department of ENT, Division of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway;6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L''Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;1. Institute of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 4, 91052 Erlangen, Germany;2. Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | We developed an in situ thickness monitor using a spectroscopic reflectometer to measure the swelling behaviors of polymer thin films in carbon dioxide up to 30 MPa. Because the change in thickness was measured under high-pressure CO2, the measurement was performed through a sapphire window with a relatively high refractive index. We found that the window effect on the reflectivity can be successfully eliminated. To confirm the accuracy of the analysis, we measured the swelling behaviors of four polymers (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)), and compared the swelling measurements with reported data. The swelling ratios of the polymers were in reasonable agreement with literature data. Notably, anomalous swelling was observed for PBMA and PDMS, although anomalous swelling has been observed in films much thinner than those of our samples, probably due to the low glass transition temperatures and high swelling ratios of PBMA and PDMS. |
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| Keywords: | Supercritical carbon dioxide Polymer thin film Spectroscopic reflectometry Anomalous swelling |
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