Cosolvent-modified supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of phenolic compounds from bamboo leaves (Sasa palmata) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Sultan Qaboos University – Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, PO Box 34, Al-Khod 123, Muscat, Oman;2. Ramboll Oil & Gas, Nordre Kullerød 27, N-3204 Sandefjord, Norway;1. CERENA – Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Universidade Lusófona Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, ULHT, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;3. Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique, Av. Eng. Boneville Franco, 2770-058 Paço d’Arcos, Portugal;4. Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan;2. Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;3. University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;4. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;5. Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan;1. CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal;2. University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany;3. QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | This study highlights the possibility of supercritical carbon dioxide for extracting phenolic compounds from bamboo leaves that have shown antioxidant and anticancer activities. The CO2 extraction solvent was modified by adding ethanol–water mixture cosolvent of different concentrations to allow extraction of both polar and non-polar compounds. Conventional Soxhlet extraction was also done to investigate the advantages of supercritical extraction over the conventional extraction method. For addition of 5% (mol) of a 25:75 (mol:mol) ethanol–water mixture solvent to CO2, the highest amount of polyphenols (7.31 ± 0.06 mg/g bamboo leaves in catechin equivalents) and radical scavenging activity (3.65 ± 0.05 mg/g bamboo leaves in BHA equivalents) at 20 MPa and 95 °C, could be obtained among the mixture cosolvents studied. For Soxhlet extraction with a 25:75 (mol:mol) ethanol–water mixture, 1.48 times the amount of phenolic compounds (10.85 ± 0.52 mg/g bamboo leaves in catechin equivalents), could be isolated compared with the supercritical extraction method, however, the radical scavenging activity (3.30 ± 0.05 mg/g bamboo leaves in BHA equivalents) was 0.90 times lower than the extract obtained from the supercritical extraction method. The seven major antioxidative compounds identified from the SC-CO2 extraction method were: (1) dl-alanine, (2) gluconic acid, (3) phosphoric acid, (4) ß-siosterol, (5) β-amyrene, (6) α-amyrin acetate and (7) friedelin. |
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| Keywords: | Bamboo leaves Phenolic compounds Ethanol–water cosolvent |
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