国外多年冻土区管道建设的经验与启示

在冻土地区铺设油气输送管道,将遇到很多技术难题和挑战,一方面,土体的冻胀和融沉会对管壁产生额外应力,在适当的条件下引起应力集中和塑性变形,甚至造成管道破坏;另一方面,埋设于冻土地带的管道会对周围环境产生扰动,造成冻土退化,反过来又影响管道安全。罗曼井(NormanWells)管道和阿拉斯加管道工程,针对各自冻土地区的特点进行设计和施工,有效解决了以上难题,并形成了一套现场观测和监控程序,确保了管道和环境的安全。文章详细介绍了罗曼井管道和阿拉斯加管道的设计特点和成功经验,总结了冻土管道在运行中的主要工程技术难题和相应对策,并根据国内实际,提出了几点可供借鉴的启示。

Experience and Revelation Learned from Foreign Pipeline Construction Projects in Permafrost Regions

Great technological challenges will be encountered in design and construction of pipelines in permafrost regions.One side,soil frost heave and thaw settlement can produce extra stresses in pipe walls,which may result in centralized stresses and plastic deformations under certain conditions,even causing pipeline fault.On the other hand,buried pipeline will disturb ambient environment through thermal exchange,so as to degrade the permafrost soil and influence pipeline safety reversely.Norman Wells Pipeline and Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline have solved above difficalt problems successfully through the pertinent design and construction corresponding to the characters of respective regions,and developed a set of field observing and monitoring programs that ensure pipeline safety and environmental protection.This paper introduces the design characteristics and successful experience of Norman Wells Pipeline and Trans-Alaska Oil Pipeline,summarizes the main engineering technological challenges and corresponding countermeasures.Based on the domestic practices,it also puts forward some revelations used for reference to domestic pipeline projects in permafrost regions.