黑龙江省不同产地水稻的GC-MS代谢物差异分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对黑龙江省建三江水稻产区与其他产区的水稻种子进行代谢组学研究，探讨产地对其代谢物的影响。在R软件平台下采用XCMS软件包对气相色谱-质谱数据进行处理，结合SIMCA-P软件，进行主成分分析、偏最小二乘法-判别分析以及聚类分析进行多元统计分析。结果表明，共检测到173?个峰，定性出氨基酸、脂肪酸、糖类、多元醇等共44?个化合物；筛选出建三江地区相对于其他产区具有显著变化（P＜0.05，VIP≥1）的差异代谢物23?个，通过代谢通路分析得到氨基酸代谢对水稻品质及产地区分具有一定影响。结果表明，产地对水稻代谢物的种类和含量均有影响，水稻代谢物携带其产地信息，建三江地区与其他产地水稻代谢物之间存在显著差异。利用气相色谱-质谱技术分析产地对水稻种子代谢产物影响以及产地区分具有可行性。

Effect of Geographical Origin on Rice Metabolites as Analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), metabolomic analysis was conducted on rice seeds from the rice-producing area of Jiansanjiang and other areas in Heilongjiang province with the aim of evaluating the effect of the geographical origin on rice metabolites. The XCMS software package was used to process the GC-MS data under the R software platform. Multivariate statistical analysis using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed with SIMCA-P software. The results indicated that a total of 173 peaks were detected, and that 44 compounds, including amino acids, fatty acids, saccharide, and polyols, were identified. A total of 23 differential metabolites with significant changes (P < 0.05, VIP ≥ 1) were identified between rice seeds from Jiansanjiang and other areas in Heilongjiang province. The analysis of metabolic pathways showed that amino acid metabolism affected rice quality and varied with the geographical origin. Our data showed that the geographical origin affected both the types and amounts of metabolites in rice. There was a significant difference in the metabolomes of rice from Jiansanjiang and other producing areas. It is feasible to use GC-MS to analyze the effects of the geographical origin on the metabolites of rice seeds and to distinguish between different geographical origins.