柴达木盐湖化工产业关键技术研究

柴达木盐湖化工产业已发展成为具有青海省特色的优势产业,依据资源禀赋和产业发展基础,将继续做大做强钾肥产业、着力打造镁盐产业、稳步拓展钠盐产业、重点培育锂盐产业、逐步壮大硼化工产业。随着盐湖资源开发在广度和深度上的不断推进,柴达木地区发展盐湖化工循环经济产业的技术瓶颈日渐突显,如盐湖化工产业链、产品链、技术链短,产品的加工增值率和科技含量低,影响了产业结构的优化升级,需求关键技术来提升盐湖产业的持续发展。分析了柴达木地区盐湖化工产业链,指出柴达木地区发展盐湖化工循环经济必须要解决的关键技术问题:1)盐湖难开采低品位固体钾矿溶解开采技术;2)固体钾矿固-液转化技术;3)盐湖卤水补采平衡关键技术;4)镁资源高效利用延伸技术;5)盐湖稀散元素铷、铯、溴、碘的分离提取技术;6)盐湖硼资源分离提取技术;7)盐湖镁、锂高效分离技术;8)盐湖锂资源开发及其深加工技术以及锂同位素的分离技术。

Research on key technologies of chemical industry in Qaidam Salt Lake

The chemical industry of Qaidam Salt Lake has developed into the most advantageous industry with the characteristics of Qinghai Province.Based on resource endowment and industrial development foundation,the chemical industry of Qaidam Salt Lake will continue to expand and strengthen potassium fertilizer industry,focus on building magnesium salt industry,steadily expanding sodium salt industry,focusing on cultivating lithium salt industry and gradually expanding boron chemical industry.With the development of salt lake resources in breadth and depth,the bottleneck of science and technology in the development of salt lake chemical circular economy industry in Qaidam area has become increasingly prominent.The salt lake chemical industry chain,product chain and technology chain are short,and the processing value-added rate and technology content of products are low,which affect the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.Therefore,key technologies are needed to promote the sustainable development of salt lake industry.The salt lake chemical industry chain in qaidam area was analyzed.It pointed out the key technical problems that must be solved to develop the cycle economy of salt lake chemical industry in Qaidam area:First,the dissolution mining technology of the difficulty to mine low grade solid potassium ore; Second,solid-liquid conversion technology of solid potassium ore;Third,key technologies of replenishment and balance of salt lake brine;Fourth,extension technology for efficient utilization of magnesium resources;Fifth,separation and extraction technology of rubidium,cesium,bromine and Iodine in salt lake;Sixth,separation and extraction technology of salt lake boron resources;Seventh,high efficiency separation technology of magnesium and lithium in salt lake;Eighth,development and deep processing technology of lithium resources in salt lake and separation technology of lithium isotopes.