五种制油工艺对花生油风味物质种类的影响

为了探究不同制油工艺对花生油风味物质种类的影响。通过顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)检测市售的古法、冷榨和热榨花生油与自制的未烘烤和烘烤水酶法花生油的挥发性风味物质,对比分析不同制备工艺对其挥发性风味物质的影响。结果表明:古法、冷榨、热榨、未烘烤水酶法和烘烤水酶法测得的花生油的挥发性物质种类分别为41、39、41、56和56种,水酶法制备的花生油挥发性风味物质种类最多。根据各种物质相对含量分析,发现醛类物质在五种花生油中种类及相对含量均较高,对其风味的影响均较大;醇类物质主要存在于冷榨和未烘烤水酶法制备的花生油;吡嗪类和含苯环类物质主要存在于古法、热榨和烘烤水酶法制备的花生油中,对其风味有较大贡献;酯类物质主要对古法压榨和未烘烤水酶法制备的花生油风味有一定的影响;酸类物质在热榨和烘烤水酶法制备的花生油占比较高,对其风味影响较大;酮类、醚类、烷烃类、烯烃和炔烃类物质占比较小,并且呈味阈值高,对五种花生油的风味贡献均较低。

Effects of five different oil production processes on the variety of flavor substances in peanut oil

In order to explore the effects of different oil production processes on the variety of flavor substances in peanut oil. In this study, headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were used to detect the volatile flavor substances in peanut oil prepared by the ancient, cold-pressed, hot-pressed methods and the self-made unbaked and baked aqueous enzymatic method respectively. The results showed that there were 41, 39, 41, 56 and 56 volatile substances in peanut oil measured by ancient method, cold press, hot press, unbaked and baked water enzymatic method respectively. In addition, according to the analysis of the contents of various substances, it was found that aldehydes had a higher variety in the five kinds of peanut oil, and had a greater influence on the flavor. Alcohols mainly exist in peanut oil prepared by cold press and unbaked water enzymatic method. Pyrazines and phenyl-containing substances mainly existed in peanut oil prepared by ancient method, hot pressing and baking water enzymatic method, and contributed greatly to their flavor. Ester substances mainly affect the flavor of peanut oil by ancient pressing and enzymatic method without baking. The proportion of acid in peanut oil by heat pressing and baking water enzymatic method was higher, which had a greater influence on its flavor. Ketones, ethers, alkanes, alkenes and alkynes account for a small proportion and have a high taste threshold, so their contribution to the five peanut oils is relatively low.