Effect of CuO on CaTiO3 perovskite ceramics prepared using a direct sintering process

Effect of CuO on CaTiO₃ (CT) ceramics prepared using a direct sintering process (reaction-sintering process) was investigated. The mixture of raw materials was pressed and sintered into ceramics without any calcination stage involved. Pure CT could be obtained. The degree of densification in CT via reaction-sintering process is lower than traditional oxide route but the grains grew easier in CT via reaction-sintering process. A density 3.63 g/cm³ (90.3% of ρ_th) is obtained in CT pellets after 1500 °C/16 h sintering. With 3 wt.% CuO addition, density 3.92 g/cm³ (97.5% of ρ_th) is obtained after 8 h sintering at 1500 °C due to the liquid phase sintering. The liquid phase at grain boundaries appeared significantly at a lower sintering temperature for longer soak time.