我国单因子水质评价方法改进探讨

针对我国现行的单因子评价法存在的过保护问题,通过对美国功能可达性评价方法进行分析,提出根据水质指标对水体功能类别的影响程度进行改进评价:若某一项对水体功能产生关键影响的指标超标,则水体不满足使用功能;若某一项对水体功能不具有关键影响的指标超标,水体满足使用功能;若有多项对水体功能不具有关键影响的指标超标,先判断多项指标的叠加影响,再判断水体是否满足使用功能。进一步提出了河流整体水质评价的建议。

Discussion on China's Single-factor Water Quality Assessment Method

Aiming at over-protection of water use function of China's single-factor water quality assessment method, an improved single-factor water quality assessment method of considering water quality factor's influence on water use function was presented based on analysis of water use supporting method in the United States. The suggestion was listed as follows: on condition that one water quality factor with significant influence on water use was over the function objective, water use function of assessed waters couldn's be supported; on condition that one water quality factor with less significant influence on water use was over the function objective, water use function of assessed waters could be supported; on condition that several water quality factors with less significant influence on water use were over the function objective, the adding influence of several less significant factors on water use was firstly assessed, then the support or not support of assessed waters was judged. The overall river water quality assessment was also suggested.