北沙参多糖的提取工艺、理化性质和生物活性研究进展

北沙参是伞形科植物珊瑚菜的干燥根,为常用药食两用资源。北沙参多糖作为北沙参主要成分之一,具有良好的生物活性。北沙参多糖的提取分为溶剂提取和辅助提取两大类,然而不同的提取方法的多糖得率、结构及生物活性不尽相同,本文介绍了其总糖含量、分子量、单糖组成、糖苷键构型等理化性质。目前对北沙参多糖的生物活性研究主要集中在免疫调节、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎及降血糖等方面,在医药、保健功能食品等领域有着良好的前景。本文就国内外学者对北沙参多糖的提取工艺、分离纯化、结构特征及生物活性研究进行了系统性的总结和归纳,同时也指出了北沙参多糖的高级结构、作用机制及构效关系尚不明确的问题,为其深入研究及有效开发利用提供科学参考。

Research progress on extraction process, physicochemical properties and biological activity of polysaccharides from Glehniae Radix

Glehniae Radix is the dried root of Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq, it is a dual-use resource for medicine and food. As one of the main components of Glehniae Radix, Glehniae Radix polysaccharide has good biological activity. The extraction of Glehniae Radix polysaccharide is divided into two categories: solvent extraction and auxiliary extraction. However, the yield, structure and biological activity of polysaccharides in different extraction methods are not the same. The total sugar content, characteristic functional groups, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond configuration and other physical and chemical properties are introduced. The current research on the biological activity of Glehniae Radix is mainly focused on immune regulation, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic aspects. It has good prospects in the fields of medicine and health functional foods. This review systematically summarizes and summarizes the research on the extraction process, separation and purification, structural characteristics and biological activity of Glehniae Radix by domestic and foreign scholars. At the same time, it also pointed out the unclear problems of its high-level structure, mechanism of action and structure-effect relationship, and provided scientific reference for its in-depth research and effective development and utilization.