中石油钻井工程技术现状、挑战及发展趋势

中国石油天然气集团公司（以下简称中石油）近年来自主研制了万米钻机及配套装备、近钻头地质导向、欠平衡/气体钻井/控压钻井、连续管作业机、21 MPa/35 MPa带压作业机等核心装备，发展完善了以水平井、欠平衡钻井、钻井提速、储层改造、带压作业为核心的配套技术，有力地支撑了水平井、欠平衡钻井、钻井提速、水平井分段压裂等重点工程的实施。但与国外同行相比，在自动化钻机、海洋钻完井装备、旋转导向系统、抗高温随钻测量仪器、抗高温螺杆、高效钻头、高温高密度油基钻井液、高压气井带压作业装备、低成本高效压裂液、无限制选择性压裂工具、完井技术等方面差距明显。研究结果认为：我国深层、海洋、非常规油气藏领域钻完井面临高温高压、高研磨性地层钻速低、钻井周期长、旋转导向等技术储备不足的挑战，建议在高效起下钻机、高效破岩钻头和辅助工具、旋转导向系统、井筒完整性、井下宽带信息传输技术、海洋钻井成套装备和技术、工厂化钻完井与体积压裂一体化技术等方面开展技术攻关。

Current situation,challenges and developing trend of CNPC′s oil & gas drilling

In recent years, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has independently developed some core equipments, such as 100D rigs and auxiliary devices, CGDS near bit geosteering drilling system, underbalanced drilling/gas drilling/managed pressure drilling, coiled tubing service unit, 21/35MPa snubbing service unit and so on, and perfected some other supporting technologies in horizontal drilling, underbalanced drilling, ROP improvement, reservoir reconstruction, snubbing cementing, etc. , which effectively supported many major projects like horizontal drilling, underbalanced drilling, ROP improvement, horizontal well multistage fracturing, etc. However, there is still a marked gap between CNPC and foreign corporations in automated drilling rigs, offshore drilling and completion equipments, rotary steerable system, high temperature resistant MWD, high temperature resistant helicoid hydraulic motors, high effective drill bits, high temperature and high density oil base drill fluid, high pressure gas well snubbing service units, low cost and high efficiency fracturing fluid, unlimited and selectable fracturing tools, etc. This paper points out that drilling and completion in deep formations, offshore and unconventional areas face some severe challenges, such as high temperature and high pressure, low ROP and long drilling period in high abrasiveness layers, shortage of rotary steerable system and other equipments. Therefore , some key equipments and technologies are proposed to be researched and developed, such as high efficiency tripping rigs, high efficiency rock breaking bits and tools, rotary steerable systems, well integrity, downhole broadband information transmission technologies, offshore drilling equipments and technologies, factory like practices of drilling & completion, volumetric fracturing and so on.