有效的天然气调峰储气技术——地下储气库

有效的天然气调峰技术可确保输气干线高效运行，实现安全平稳供气。为此，分析了国内天然气调峰储气技术的发展状况，指出地下储气库调峰具有库容大、安全性好、储转费低等优点，可从根本上解决城市季节性用气调峰问题，是最主要和经济的城市供气调峰方式；地下储气库应距离城市用户及输气干线较近，其中气藏建库是最经济的储气方式。同时介绍了地下储气库地面工艺技术，探讨了地下储气库新技术的发展趋势，提出了对中国地下储气库建设的建议：①继续增大国家整体储气系数，除满足常规调峰外，在条件许可的情况下，扩大应急供气和战略储备系数；②继续优选建库目标及库址，降低储转气成本，提高气库利用率；③尽快形成调峰供气定价机制，实现地下储气库商业化运作，建议研究天然气储气支持政策，按天然气“季节差价”收取调峰储气费；④利用干线气源的高压力，有条件的分输站利用压差设置LNG液化装置，实现液化调峰；⑤合理布局LNG接受站、LNG液化厂，增加LNG储存及气化设施，实现LNG与地下储气库调峰的相互配合，二者优化运行，最大限度地满足用户调峰需求。

An effective means of natural gas peak shaving and storage technologies:Underground gas storage

An effective means for natural gas peak shaving will help maintain the high efficiency operation of the arterial lines and guarantee gas supply security in natural gas grid. In view of this, based on the status quo of domestic natural gas peak shaving and storage technologies, it was pointed out that the underground gas storage (UGS) is the most important and economic way for urban gas supply and peak shaving because of its many advantages like huge storage capacity, reliability and safety, low cost in storage and transportation, etc. In addition, it was also emphasized that UGS should be close to urban users or at least not far from the arterial lines and the oil and gas reservoir type UGS is the most economic one in comparison with other types. Meanwhile, this paper also introduced the UGS ground engineering and techniques and discussed the developing trend of new UGS technologies. On this basis, some proposals were presented for UGS projects and construction in China. a. The overall gas storage fraction should be kept increasing, besides the routine needs for peak shaving, if conditions permit, the fraction of emergency and strategic gas reserves should also be boosted. b. UGS targets and sites should be always optimally selected to reduce the cost of gas to and from storage and improve the UGS utilization efficiency. c. Gas pricing mechanism should be formulated as early as possible for peak shaving gas supply to achieve commercial operation of UGS. Gas storage associated policies should be studied well to better adopt the way of seasonal variation in gas price. d. Pressure drops occur between the high pressures of the transported gas in arterial lines and those at gas distribution stations, where it becomes possible to build some LNG peak shaving plants. e. LNG storage and liquefaction facilities should be increased by an overall arrangement of LNG terminals and LNG plants, thereby to fully satisfy the peak shaving needs through the interaction and optimal operation of both LNG plants and UGS facilities.