超临界CO2萃取灵芝孢子油及其挥发性成分分析

研究超临界CO2萃取灵芝孢子油的工艺条件及灵芝孢子油中挥发性物质组成，为灵芝孢子油鉴别、质量控 制、进一步开发利用提供理论依据。通过单因素、正交试验，以灵芝孢子油脂得率和三萜类化合物得率为考察指 标优化工艺参数；采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析灵芝孢子油中的挥发性物质组成。获得最佳萃取分离条 件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度40 ℃、分离釜Ⅰ压力8 MPa、分离釜Ⅰ温度56 ℃。在此条件下灵芝孢子油脂得率 29.45%、三萜类化合物得率38.14 g/kg。灵芝孢子油中共分离鉴定65 种挥发性成分，占总挥发性成分的83.87%，以 烃类、醇类、醛类、酯类成分为主。灵芝孢子油中主要气味物质为醇类、萜烯类、芳香烃和醛类，其中苯甲醇和苯 乙醇的相对含量最高，分别为16.35%、5.74%，初步判断为灵芝孢子油中特征性挥发性物质。

Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Oil from Ganoderma lucidum Spore and Analysis of its Volatile Compounds

In this study, the optimal process conditions for supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from Ganoderma lucidum spore
and its volatile compounds were investigated, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for its identification, quality control and
further development. Single factor experiment and orthogonal array design were employed to obtain the optimal extraction
conditions with respect to oil yield and triterpenoid compounds yield; the volatile compounds in Ganoderma lucidum spore
oil were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextration method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
The optimal extraction and separation conditions were determined as the follows: extraction pressure, 30 MPa; extraction
temperature, 40 ℃; separation pressure, 8 MPa, and separation temperature, 56 ℃. Under these conditions, the oil yield
and triterpenoid compounds yield were 29.45%, and 38.14 g/kg, respectively. A total of 65 volatile compounds, accounting
for 83.87% of the total volatile compounds, were isolated and identified from Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, among which
hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and esters were the major components. Terpenes, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons and
aldehydes were main odor compounds, among which benzyl alcohol (16.35%) and phenylethyl alcohol (5.74%) with the
highest relative proportion may be the characteristic volatile compounds.