塔河渣油中沥青质临氢裂解性质研究及其钒分布研究

以塔河渣油中沥青质为研究对象，进行元素、红外、热重和1H-NMR等分析，考察了温度、溶油质量比、压力、芳香分和胶质等因素对沥青质临氢裂解性质影响及钒分布。结果表明：当反应温度（T） 大于 430 ℃时，沥青质裂解产生的大分子自由基由于供氢能力不足而得不到稳定，导致缩聚反应加剧；提高溶油比与氢初压，均能促进沥青质的裂解，抑制其缩合反应。在T = 430 ℃、m（S）/m（O）= 2.0 、PH2O= 4.0 MPa条件下，沥青质的裂解率和甲苯不溶物产率分别为55.69%和41.69%，钒在甲苯不溶物中的质量分数为98.92%。在该条件下，当芳香分和胶质占总物料的50%时，体系中沥青质的甲苯不溶物生成率与沥青质单独加氢裂解时相比，分别降低8.31和5.55百分点，且钒在甲苯不溶物中的质量分数降幅小于5%。

THERMAL HYDROCRACKING PROPERTIES OF ASPHALTENE IN TAHE RESIDUE OIL AND VANADIUM DISTRIBUTION IN PRODUCTS

Asphaltene in Tahe residue was analyzed by element compositions、IR、1H-NMR and thermogravimetry. The effect of temperature, the ratio of tetralin to asphaltene, initial hydrogen pressure, aromatics and resin on the thermal hydrocracking characteristics of asphaltene and vanadium distribution in products were investigated. It shows that when reaction temperature > 430 ℃, the condensation reaction of macromolecular radicals generated by asphaltene cracking was intensified due to the hydrogen capacity; increasing solvent-oil ratio and initial hydrogen pressure not only promote cracking of asphaltene but also inhibit the condensation reaction. Under the suitable operating conditions (430 ℃, ratio of Tetralin to asphaltene =2 and initial hydrogen pressure 4.0 MPa), the cracking and toluene insoluble rate of asphaltene is 55.69% and 41.69%, respectively. The vanadium in the toluene insoluble is 98.92%. When aromatics and resin account for 50% in the total material, the toluene insoluble reduces 8.32% and 5.55%, respectively for thermal hydrocracking with or without hydrogen donor. The distribution of vanadium in the toluene insoluble decreases less than 5%.