纳米粒子的特性、应用及制备方法

叙述了纳米材料和纳米技术在社会发展及科学领域中的重要地位、研究的意义和发展的前景，扼要地介绍了纳米粒子所具有的4个基本特性表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸效应和宏观量子隧道效应，介绍了由纳米材料在化工、轻工、功能材料以及生物医学等方面的应用现状和前景，叙述了纳米材料在科学技术发展和社会进步中所起到的重要作用。按照制备原料状态将纳米粒子的制备方法归纳为固相法、液相法和气相法3大类，并列举出大量国内外文献对各类制备方法、方法特点及应用范围作了进一步的阐述。对纳米材料在未来科学发展的憧憬进行了展望。

Property, Preparation and Application of Nanoparticle

The importance of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in the field of science and technology , their research significance and development perspectives were emphasized. Four basic properties of nanoparticles, i.e. surface effect, volume effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum Tunneling effect, were introduced briefly. Present application status of nanomaterials in chemical industry, light industry, functional material and biomedicine, the usage perspectives were described. Some examples were given in this article, which make a clear demonstration of its role in social progress and science development. Based on the state differences of the raw materials, preparation methods were divided into three main types called solid phase, liquid phase and gas phase respectively. At the same time, methods of nanoparticle preparation and application of nanomaterials appearing in many other literatures were also listed. The characteristics of these methods and their application range were discussed. The perspectives of nanomaterials in science future were depicted as well.