Development of a Simple,Rapid Multiplex PCR Method Using the 16S rRNA Gene to Determine the Country of Origin of Brackish Water Bivalve <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corbicula japonica</Emphasis>

In this study, a multiplex PCR detection method was developed to identify the country of origin of Corbicula japonica (clams), a commercially important bivalve in Asia. Specific primer sets that have a single nucleotide mismatch at the 3′ terminus were designed after sequencing the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of clams identified as C. japonica originating from Korea, China, and Japan. Using this method, each origin was clearly identified based on the PCR products: three bands for Korean C. japonica (100, 283, and 384 bp), one band for Chinese C. japonica (384 bp), and two bands for Japanese C. japonica (384 and 100 bp). These results indicate that the 16S rRNA gene, which is usually used to identify species, can distinguish the country of origin within C. japonica. Our multiplex PCR assay should be a useful tool for the fair trade of the species.