DNA barcoding reveals high substitution rate and mislabeling in croaker fillets (Sciaenidae) marketed in Brazil: The case of “pescada branca” (Cynoscion leiarchus and Plagioscion squamosissimus) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology of the Paraná State (UTFPR), P.O. Box 271, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil;2. Food Department, Federal University of Technology of the Paraná State (UTFPR), P.O. Box 271, CEP 87301-899, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil;1. Laboratory of Genetics of Natural Resources, Area of Genetics, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;2. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Bioanalysis, Research and Quality Control Center, Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (AECOSAN), Madrid, Spain;4. Sequencing Unit of the University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain;1. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;2. World Wildlife Fund South Africa – Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative (WWF-SASSI), PO Box 23273, Claremont 7735, South Africa;1. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus Universitário de Capanema, Rua João Pessoa, Nº 121, Bairro Centro, CEP: 68700-030, Capanema, PA, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, CEP 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil;4. Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, 4811, Australia;5. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia;6. Laboratório de Biologia Pesqueira – Manejo de Recursos Aquáticos, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 1, CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;7. Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, CEP 65080-805, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil;8. Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Rua Augusto Correia, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil;9. Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, CEP: 66017-970, Belém, Pará, Brazil;10. Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratório de Filogenômica, Campus de Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n, Aldeia, CEP: 68600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil;11. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Montese, CEP: 66.077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil;12. Universidade Federal do Pará, Laboratory of Lepidopterology and Integrated Ichthyology, Center of Advanced Biodiversity Studies (CEABIO), Av. Perimetral da Ciência, km 01, PCT-Guamá, Terreno 11, 66075-750, Belém, PA, Brazil;1. FishLab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via delle Piagge 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy;2. Wholesale Fish Market of Milan, ASL of Milan, Viale Molise, 20, 20137 Milan, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The removal of morphological features during fish processing hinders identification to the species level, increasing the chances of species substitution and the mislabeling of marketed products. We used DNA barcoding to assess whether species substitutions occur in croaker (Sciaenidae) fillets labeled as “pescada branca” sold in the Brazilian Amazon, where two species are known under this vernacular name (Cynoscion leiarchus and Plagioscion squamosissimus). A 577-bp cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence was obtained from 137 fillets and compared with the sequences of whole Sciaenidae fish that were identified based on their morphology and the reference sequences of the BOLD and GenBank public databases. DNA barcoding was able to identify 90% of the samples analyzed to the species level, and the results showed a high rate of species substitution in the fillets labeled as “pescada branca”. The substitution rate was 100% if using the criterion that the fillets should be C. leiarchus and 76.6% if using the criterion that they should be P. squamosissimus. Additionally, the results show that “pescada branca” was replaced in most cases by species of lower commercial value, which clearly demonstrates economic fraud aimed at increased profits. Our data confirm that DNA barcoding is a sensitive and reliable tool that can be applied to authenticate processed fish. |
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