Ameliorating effects of ethyl acetate fraction from onion (Allium cepa L.) flesh and peel in mice following trimethyltin-induced learning and memory impairment |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Division of Applied Life Science, Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Korea Institute of toxicology, Jinju 660844, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446701, Republic of Korea;1. North Dakota State University, Department of Plant Sciences, PO Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA;2. Lund University, Department of Food Technology, Engineering, and Nutrition, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden;3. Speximo AB, Medicon Village SE, 223 81 Lund, Sweden;1. Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;3. Department of Thermal Technology, University of Life Sciences, Do?wiadczalna Str. 44, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;1. School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People''s Republic of China;2. Xuancheng Campus, Hefei University of Technology, Xuancheng 242000, People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | The anti-amnesic effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) flesh (OF)1 and peel (OP)2 on trimethyltin (TMT)3-induced learning and memory dysfunction were investigated to confirm learning and memory function. The inhibitory effect against cellular acetylcholinesterase (AChE)4 showed that the EtOAc fraction of OP (EOP5, IC50 value = 37.11 μg/mL) was higher than the EtOAc fraction of OF (EOF6, IC50 value = 433.34 μg/mL). The cognitive effects in ICR mice were also evaluated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. After the behavioral tests, AChE activity (control = 100%, TMT = 128%, EOF 20 = 108%, EOP 10 = 104%, and EOP 20 = 98%), superoxide dismutase (SOD)7 activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG)8/total glutathione (GSH)9 and malondialdehyde (MDA)10 production were examined. These results indicate that both EOF and EOP improved learning and memory function. The main compounds of the EOF and EOP were analyzed by Q-TOF UPLC/MS, and the results were as follows: The EOF (quercetin and quercetin-4′-glucoside) and the EOP (quercetin-4′-glucoside and isorhamnetin-4′-glucoside). Consequently, our results suggest that both EOF and EOP could be efficacious in improving cognitive function through AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity in mice brains. |
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