Dispersion and re-agglomeration of graphite nanoplates in polypropylene melts under controlled flow conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic;2. Center of Excellence for Geopolymers and Green Technology, School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01007 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia;1. School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;2. Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan;3. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;4. State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Shanghai 200050, China;1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Yasouj University, P. O. Box: 75914-353, Yasouj, Iran;2. Laboratory for Precision and Nano Processing Technologies, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia;1. Van?t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Dutch Polymer Institute DPI, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands;1. Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5 San Cayetano, Piedras Negras, C.P. 50200 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico;2. Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad 300, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;1. Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India;2. School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India |
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| Abstract: | The kinetics of GnP dispersion in polypropylene melt was studied using a prototype small scale modular extensional mixer. Its modular nature enabled the sequential application of a mixing step, melt relaxation, and a second mixing step. The latter could reproduce the flow conditions on the first mixing step, or generate milder flow conditions. The effect of these sequences of flow constraints upon GnP dispersion along the mixer length was studied for composites with 2 and 10 wt.% GnP. The samples collected along the first mixing zone showed a gradual decrease of number and size of GnP agglomerates, at a rate that was independent of the flow conditions imposed to the melt, but dependent on composition. The relaxation zone induced GnP re-agglomeration, and the application of a second mixing step caused variable dispersion results that were largely dependent on the hydrodynamic stresses generated. |
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| Keywords: | A Nanocomposites B Electrical properties D Optical microscopy E Extrusion |
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