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Advanced biomaterials in hip joint arthroplasty. A review on polymer and ceramics composites as alternative bearings
Affiliation:1. Laboratorio di Tecnologia Medica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy;2. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy;1. Medical Technology Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy;2. Chemistry Department and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Centre, University of Turin, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 8/2, 40126 Bologna, Italy;1. Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden;2. Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Leeds, UK;1. Istituto per le Macchine Agricole e Movimento Terra (IMAMOTER)-UOS di Torino, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135, Torino, Italy;2. Politecnico di Torino - Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Complesso Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126, Napoli, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche CIR Dental School, Università di Torino, via Nizza 230, 10126, Torino, Italy;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Italy;2. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Química y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain;1. Aesculap AG Research & Development,Tuttlingen, Germany;2. Ludwig Maximilians University Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany;3. Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Essen, Germany;1. TriPreM i-Kohza, Department of Mechanical Precision Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abstract:Wear of total hip prosthesis is a significant clinical problem that nowadays involves a growing number of patients. To acquire further knowledge on the tribological phenomena that involve hip prosthesis, wear tests are conducted on new biomaterials to increase materials life in orthopaedic implants. Advances in biomaterials for biomedical purposes have enhanced in the last years evolving in new improved ceramic and polymeric materials producing the so-called composite materials.This paper aims to review the evolution and the current state of the art of the ceramics composites and polymers commonly used in orthopaedic field as hip joint implants. This is specified through a schematic overview by describing, in particular, the evolution of various composites materials. The authors propose commentary on the evolution and current use of biomaterials for orthopaedic application on the evolution and actually used biomaterials for orthopaedic applications.
Keywords:A  Carbon–carbon composites (CCCs)  A  Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs)  A  Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs)  B  Chemical properties  B  Microstructures
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