Late-stage fatigue damage in a 3D orthogonal non-crimp woven composite: An experimental and numerical study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;2. School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom;3. Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei Sistemi Industriali, Università degli Studi di Padova, Stradella S. Nicola 3, I-36100 Vicenza, Italy;4. Gazi University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maltepe, 06570 Ankara, Turkey;5. College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, 1000 Main Campus Dr. Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;1. ENSAIT, GEMTEX, Univ. Lille North of France, F-59100 Roubaix, France;2. Technical University “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iasi, Faculty of Textiles - Leather Engineering and Industrial Management, Iasi, Romania;3. MS & E Department, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan;1. Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy;2. Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Solides UMR CNRS 5514, INSA de Lyon, Bâtiment Jacquard, Rue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne, France;3. Department of Materials Engineering, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;1. ENSAIT, GEMTEX, Univ. Lille North of France, F-59100 Roubaix, France;2. IMT Lille Douai, Department of Polymers and Composites Technology & Mechanical Engineering, 941 rue Charles Bourseul, CS 10838, F-59508 Douai, France;3. Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Laboratoire des Technologies Innovantes, IUT GMP, Avenue des facultés, 80035 Amiens, France |
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| Abstract: | Late-stage fatigue damage of an E-glass/epoxy 3D orthogonal non-crimp textile composite loaded in the warp direction has been investigated using a combination of mechanical testing, X-ray micro computed tomography (μCT), optical microscopy and finite element modelling. Stiffness reduction and energy dissipated per cycle were found to be complementary measurements of damage accumulation, occurring in three stages: a first stage characterised by rapid changes, a more quiescent second stage, followed by a third stage where the (decreasing) stiffness and (increasing) energy dissipation change irregularly and then rapidly, to failure. Microscopy of specimens cycled into the transition between the second and third stages showed macroscopic accumulations of fibre fractures in sections of warp tows which lying adjacent to the surface weft tows which are crowned-over by the Z-tows. At these locations, the warp tow fibres are subjected to stress concentrations both from transverse weft tow matrix cracks and resin pocket cracks. |
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| Keywords: | A. Fabrics/textiles B. Fatigue C. Finite element analysis (FEA) D. Radiography |
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