高分子量稻壳阳离子絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

以稻壳为原料,丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为醚化剂,制备得到高分子量稻壳阳离子絮凝剂(DMF)。考察了合成DMF的最佳反应条件,采用FTIR表征了产物结构,采用粘度法检测了产物分子量;通过分析疏浚淤泥的絮凝沉降效果、上清液水质(浊度、SS、透光率)、Zeta电位、粒径等性质表征了DMF的絮凝脱水效果。研究结果表明,DMF的最佳反应条件为单体DAC∶AM=1.5(质量比),反应温度85℃,反应时间24 h,产率达到88%,产物阳离子度为14.63%,分子量为683万。DMF呈现出优良的絮凝脱水效果,可实现淤泥的瞬间絮凝沉降脱水,淤泥絮凝脱水的同时,能有效去除水体污染物,改善余水水质,且当DMF与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)复配时,显现出更好的絮凝脱水效果。

Preparation and Application of Cationic Modified Flocculent with High Molecular Weight by Rice Hust

Rice husk cationic flocculant with high molecular weight（DMF） was prepared by using rice husk as raw materials and acryloyl oxygen ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride （ DAC ） as etherifying agent. The optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of DMF have been investigated by utilizing FTIR for the product structure and viscosity method to detect the product molecular weight. Through analyzing theproperties of the floceulation sedimentation effect of dredged sludge, supernatant water quality（ including turbidity, SS, light transmittance）, Zeta potential and particle size, the floeculation and dewatering effect of DMF was characterized. The results show that the op- timum reaction conditions of DMF were that monomer DAC/AM ratio was 1.5 （ mass ratio） at 85 ℃ for 24 h and the yield reached 88% , cationic degree of product was 14.63% and the molecular weight was 6.83 million. DMF not only presented a good flocculation and dewatering effects, but al- so can effectively remove the water pollutants, improve water quality, and better floceulation dewa- tering effect was realized when DMF combined with cationic polyacrylamide（CPAM）.