中东欧地区地质矿产特征及找矿潜力

中东欧地区地处欧洲大陆的东部,与欧洲大陆一起经历了长期的地质演化过程。该区从北向南依次跨越了东欧地台西南端?加里东褶皱带和海西褶皱带东部及阿尔卑斯褶皱带大部,总体上显示了由北向南逐渐变年轻的地质演化历史。该区金属矿产资源较为丰富,但分布不均匀。主要金属矿产有Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等,集中产在北部波兰和南部保加利亚、罗马尼亚;矿床类型主要是斑岩型、浅成低温热液型、密西西比河谷型(MVT）、含铜页岩型等。该区可划分出4个成矿带,分别为内喀尔巴阡山—阿尔卑斯斑岩型和浅成低温热液型Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag成矿带、塞尔维亚—马其顿—希腊罗多彼斑岩型Cu-Au和热液脉型Pb-Zn成矿带、ABTS(Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie)斑岩型和浅成低温热液型Cu-Au成矿带、波兰南部MVT型和含铜页岩型Pb-Zn-Cu成矿带。前3个成矿带位于阿尔卑斯—巴尔干—喀尔巴阡山脉—蒂娜地区,属于特提斯成矿域地中海成矿省的一部分,与俯冲、碰撞造山有关;而第4个成矿带属于劳亚成矿域欧洲成矿省的一部分,与盆地伸展有关。在各成矿带内又可划分出若干个矿集区。中东欧地区金属矿床主要产于其南部阿尔卑斯造山带,具有寻找大型斑岩型铜矿床及相关伴生矿产的较大潜力。

Characteristics of Geology and Minerals in Central and Eastern Europe and Their Prospecting Potential

The central and eastern Europe, which is located in the eastern part of the continental Europe, experiences a long geological evolution along with the continental Europe. From north to south, the central and eastern Europe traverses the southwestern part of the eastern European Platform, and the Caledonian, the eastern Hercynian and Alpine fold belts, respectively; this region generally shows that the geological evolution history gradually becomes young from north to south. The metallic mineral resources in this region are relatively abundant, but are not homogeneously distributed. The major metallic minerals are Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag, etc., and are enriched in Poland, Bulgaria and Romania. The porphyry, epithermal, MVT and Kupferschiefer deposits are the main types in this region. Four metallogenic belts have been identified in this region, including porphyry and epithermal Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag metallogenic belt in Inner Carpathian-Alpine, porphyry Cu-Au and hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn metallogenic belt in Serbia-Macedonia-Greece Rhodope, porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au metallogenic belt in ABTS (Apuseni-Banat-Timok-Srednogorie), and MVT and Kupferschiefer Pb-Zn-Cu metallogenic belt in the southern Poland. The former three metallogenic belts related to subduction and collisional orogen are located within Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride area, and belong to Mediterranean metallogenic province, which is part of Tethys metallogenic domain; and the last one related to the extension of basin is located in European metallogenic province, which is part of Laurasia metallogenic domain. The above metallogenic belts can be further divided into several ore-concentrated areas. The metallic deposits in the central and eastern Europe predominantly occur in Alpine orogeny, in which there are great potentials to find large-size new porphyry Cu and associated epithermal, skarn and vein-type deposits.