基于3S技术的大型露天矿区复垦地景观变化分析

以平朔安太堡露天煤矿复垦区的5个排土场为研究对象，运用景观生态学理论及3S技术，把复垦后按照植被覆盖和地形特征划分的斑块与排土场建设时期的斑块进行了对比分析.结果表明：斑块个数及其平均斑块面积反映了复垦地景观的破碎化程度，随着复垦时间的增加，斑块数目也不同程度地增加，复垦时间较长的二铺排土场、南排土场、西排土场的多样性指数有较大提高，稳定性指数除二铺排土场和南排土场有所降低外，其它排土场的变化不显著，景观优势度指数的高低与平均斑块面积的大小显著相关.破碎化程度的增高也表明了复垦地的植被演替与恢复过程的多样性在不断增加.结合研究区调查情况分析表明，排土场复垦地景观的变化是非均匀沉降、地表覆土厚度与下垫层类型、植被配置与演替以及管理措施等因素综合影响的结果，斑块数目、平均斑块面积、分维数、多样性、优势度等景观指数能较好地反映出复垦地景观结构及其变化.

Landscape change analysis of reclamation land in opencast coal mine based on 3S technology

Five dumps in Antaibao opencast coal mine were choosen as studying object.3S technology and landscape ecology theory were used on the compare analysis of the reclamation patch according to vegetation cover and terrain division with dump patch in construction time.Results show that number of patch and average area of patch reflect landscape fragmentation degree in dump.Patch number is increasing with the increasing of reclamation time.Diversity index of long reclamtion time of Erpu dump,south dump and west dump are improved higher.Stability index is not significant change except Erpu dump and south dump are descent.Dominant index of landscape is significantly change related with average area of patch.Increase of fragmentation degree is also shown that the increase of vegetation succession and revegetation's variety.Change of landscape in dump is synthesis influence result of inhomogeneous depression,cover soil thickness in surface,vegetation dispositiom and succession,underlay type and administrative policy etc..Landscape index,such as patch numbers,avereage patch area,fractal dimension,varity index,dominant index,can reflect landscape structure and its change.