3,4,5-三硝基吡唑及其衍生物的研究进展

3,4,5-三硝基吡唑(TNP)作为唯一全碳硝化的吡唑类化合物,具有高密度、高能量、低感度的优点,在含能材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。综述了TNP及其共价型衍生物、含能离子盐(金属盐及非金属盐)的合成、性能及应用的研究现状。从分子层面的角度论述了TNP为骨架的含能化合物的分子设计。认为今后此类含能化合物的研究应着重下面几个方向:TNP新的合成思路及工艺优化;1-氨基-3,4,5-三硝基吡唑(ATNP)及1,3,4,5-四硝基吡唑的合成及性能研究;TNP与其他富氮基团组成新型含能化合物的分子设计与合成;TNP及其衍生物的应用研究。

Progress on 3,4,5-Trinitro-1H-pyrazole and Its Derivatives

Trinitro-1H-pyrazole(TNP) as the only full-carbon nitrated pyrazole-based compound, has the advantages of high density, high energy and low sensitivity and broad application prospcts in the field of energetic materials. In this paper, synthesis, properties and applications of TNP and its covalent derivatives and energetic ionic salts(including metal salts and nonmetal salts) were reviewed. The molecular design of energetic compounds of TNP as skeleton was discussed from the point of view of the molecular level. Considering that further research of such energetic compounds should focus on the following directions: the new synthesis methods and process optimization of TNP; the study on the synthesis and properties of 1-amino-3,4,5-trinitropyrazole(ATNP) and 1,3,4,5-tetranitropyrazole; the molecular design and synthesis of novel energetic compounds combined TNP with rich-nitrogen groups; the appliced research of TNP and its derivatives.