规模化分布式能源参与大电网安全稳定控制的机制初探

碳达峰、碳中和目标驱动能源结构转型,规模化分布式能源(DER)并网将成为一个突出问题.为保障大电网安全稳定运行、支撑可再生能源可持续消纳,探索DER参与大电网安全稳定控制的形式,提出基于虚拟电厂(VPP)的交互机制.首先,分析双碳目标下电力系统的衍变过程,剖析其安全稳定运行所面临的挑战.其次,阐述VPP的定义、组成结构和功能特征,揭示其整合海量异构型DER以与大电网友好交互的内涵.然后,构建基于多代理技术的VPP分层调控架构,提出其内部运行及参与大电网安全稳定控制的机制.最后指出,VPP是新型电力系统消纳高比例可再生能源的新型技术形态,该领域有若干技术问题需要重点关注.

Preliminary Study on Participation Mechanism of Large-scale Distributed Energy Resource in Security and Stability Control of Large Power Grid

The goals of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality will drive the energy structure transition, and the large-scale integration of distributed energy resource (DER) will become a prominent problem. In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of large power grids and support the sustainable accommodation of renewable energy, the form of DER participating in the security and stability control of large power grids is discussed, and an interaction mechanism based on virtual power plants (VPPs) is proposed. Firstly, the evolution of power systems driven by the dual carbon goals is analyzed, and the challenges faced by its safe and stable operation are analyzed. Secondly, the definition, composition structure and functional characteristics of the VPP are elaborated, and the connotation of integrating massive heterogeneous DERs to interact friendly with large power grids is revealed. Then, the hierarchical dispatch and control architecture of the VPP is built based on the multi-agent technology. And the mechanism of the inner operation and the participation in the security and stability control of large power grids of the VPP is proposed. Finally, it is pointed out that VPP is a new technology form that accommodates a high proportion of renewable energy in the new power system, and there are several technical issues in this field that need to be focused on.