Occurrence of patulin and its dietary intake through apple juice consumption by the Spanish population |
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| Authors: | María Murillo-Arbizu Susana Amézqueta Elena González-Peñas Adela López de Cerain |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;2. Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | A survey was conducted to determine levels and dietary intake of Patulin (PAT) from apple juices consumed in Spain. One hundred samples of apple juice were bought from distinct supermarkets. PAT was extracted by a liquid–liquid extraction technique and analysed with a micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method. 66% of the samples contained PAT over the limit of detection of the method (0.7 μg L−1). The PAT apple juice mean and median levels obtained were 19.4 and 4.8 μg L−1, respectively, in a range between 0.7 and 118.7 μg L−1. In 11% of the samples, PAT contamination exceeded the maximum permitted level of 50 μg L−1 established by the EU regulation. In Spain, no significant variations were observed with respect to data published 15 years ago. |
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| Keywords: | PAT patulin MEKC micellar electrokinetic chromatography method PMTDI provisional maximum tolerable daily intake TDI tolerable daily intake DAD diode array detection LOD limit of detection LOQ limit of quantitation BW body weight |
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