煤矿类矿山公园地质灾害防治与地质环境保护对策探讨——以唐山开滦为例

建立矿山公园是地质环境保护的一项创新举措，但在建设过程中缺乏对典型动力地质现象的特别保护。同时由于煤矿自身属性相对特殊，煤炭开发诱发了一系列地质环境问题及其效应，对公园的后续建设留下了地质灾害隐患。开滦国家矿山公园及其周边区域地质环境条件复杂，曾发生过震灾、岩溶和采空塌陷等地质灾害。近年来，开滦因地制宜地实施塌陷区治理、土地复垦和矿井水合理利用等，明显改善了矿区的地质环境，着力从根本上减少灾害的发生。但是那些潜在的、突发性的和人为引发的地质灾害不容忽视。

A CASE STUDY ON KAILUAN COAL MINE: APPROACHES TO GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS AND PROTECTION OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN COAL MINE PARKS

To establish mine parks is a new approach to geological environment; however, it lacks specific protection of typical geological phenomena. Coal mines with a relatively-special attribute induced a series of geological and environmental issues and other impacts during mining, leaving a potential geological disaster for the future geoparks construction. Kailuan national mine park and its adjacent areas are complicated in geological and environmental settings, where earthquakes, karst and collapse geological disasters occurred. Recently, approaches to collapsing areas, land restoration, and mine water use largely improve the geological environment in mine, reducing happening of disasters. Those potential, paroxysmal and artificial geological disasters shall not be ignored.